Дитячий організм особливо вразливий до вірусних пневмоній

Дитячий організм особливо вразливий до вірусних пневмоній

Пандемія COVID-19 привернула увагу до небезпеки вірусних пневмоній. Вона показала, наскільки важкими можуть бути ураження легень, спричинені вірусами, та як складно їх лікувати. Але COVID-19 – не єдиний вірус, здатний викликати запалення легень, пише smartmama

Чому вірусна пневмонія небезпечна для дітей?

Дитячий організм особливо вразливий до вірусних пневмоній. Незріла імунна система та активний обмін речовин роблять дітей більш сприйнятливими до інфекцій. Віруси легко проникають у дихальні шляхи, досягають альвеол та спричиняють запалення. Це призводить до порушення газообміну, кисневого голодування (гіпоксії), що може мати серйозні наслідки для здоров’я дитини.

Які віруси, окрім COVID-19, викликають пневмонію у дітей?

Окрім коронавірусу, запалення легень у дітей можуть спричинити:

  • Віруси грипу: А, В
  • Респіраторно-синцитіальний вірус: часта причина бронхіоліту у немовлят.
  • Риновірус: зазвичай викликає нежить, але у дітей може призвести до пневмонії.
  • Метапневмовірус: схожий за симптомами на ГРВІ.
  • Віруси парагрипу: 1, 2, 3 та 4 типів.
  • Аденовірус: може викликати різні захворювання, включаючи пневмонію.
  • Ентеровірус: частіше уражає шлунково-кишковий тракт, але може спричинити і пневмонію.

Читайте ще: Чи може COVID-19 дати ключ до нового способу боротьби з раком? 

Як розпізнати вірусну пневмонію у дитини?

Симптоми вірусної пневмонії схожі на ознаки ГРВІ:

  • Кашель (сухий або вологий)
  • Прискорене дихання
  • Висока температура
  • Млявість, втрата апетиту
  • Блідість шкіри
  • Западання грудної клітки при диханні

Важливо: Неможливо визначити тип вірусу лише за симптомами. При підозрі на пневмонію необхідно звернутися до лікаря для обстеження та призначення лікування.

Читайте ще: Коли в родині грип: як не заразити та захистити здоров’я близьких 

Як захистити дитину від вірусної пневмонії?

  • Вакцинація: вакцинація проти грипу та COVID-19 знижує ризик розвитку пневмонії.
  • Гігієна: регулярне миття рук, використання індивідуальних рушників, уникнення контакту з хворими.
  • Зміцнення імунітету: здорове харчування, фізична активність, достатній сон.
  • Своєчасне лікування ГРВІ: при перших ознаках захворювання звертайтеся до лікаря. Якщо для викликаного вірусом грипу захворювання існують ліки специфічної протигрипозної дії, то щодо інших відомих на сьогоднішній день вірусів ГРВІ таких вузьких специфічних противірусних препаратів немає. Тому лікар може призначити препарат, що має широкий спектр противірусної активності, наприклад сироп Флавовір. Флавовноїди, що входять до складу  сиропу Флавовір блокують  ключові ферменти розмноження вірусів ГРВІ, отже відтворення нових вірусних частинок зупиняється. Завдяки такому впливу ймовірність обтяженого перебігу ГРВІ та вірусного ураження легень суттєво знижується. Флавовір здатний також пригнічувати один із ключових ферментів коронавірусу SARS-CoV – 3CL-протеазу, захищаючи клітину від вірусного вторгнення і розмноження.

Таким чином, розвитку вірусної пневмонії у дитини можна запобігти, якщо вчасно розпізнати ГРВІ та розпочати рекомендоване лікарем лікування, спрямоване на пригнічення вірусу.

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