Грип В (Б) – це вірусна інфекція, яка викликає гостре респіраторне захворювання. Він менш поширений, ніж грип A, проте може викликати епідемії та серйозні наслідки для здоров’я
Грип B передається від людини до людини повітряно-крапельним шляхом, викликаючи гостру інтоксикацію та ураження дихальної системи, пише smartmama Його особливості:
- Вражає переважно дітей та підлітків (до 70% випадків грипу B реєструється в цій групі).
- Не має пандемічного потенціалу (на відміну від грипу A).
- Рідше викликає важкі ускладнення, але може спричиняти міокардит, енцефаліт, пневмонію.
Особливості перебігу грипу В у дорослих та дітей
У дітей грип В часто має важчий перебіг, ніж у дорослих, і може супроводжуватися ускладненнями, такими як бронхіт, пневмонія або отит.
У дорослих захворювання зазвичай проходить у легшій формі, проте може бути небезпечним для осіб із хронічними захворюваннями або ослабленим імунітетом.
Інкубаційний період триває 1–4 дні. Перебіг хвороби триває від 5 до 10 днів, хоча залишкові симптоми (слабкість, кашель) можуть зберігатися до 2–3 тижнів.
Основні симптоми грипу В
- Раптовий початок хвороби: температура підвищується до 38–39°C (у дітей може бути вище).
- Головний біль, запаморочення.
- Слабкість і втома, зниження апетиту.
- Біль у м’язах та суглобах.
- Сухий кашель, біль у горлі.
- Закладеність носа або нежить (менш виражені, ніж при ГРВІ).
- Біль у животі, нудота, блювання (частіше у дітей).
Як відрізнити грип В від ГРВІ?
| Ознака | Грип В | ГРВІ |
| Початок хвороби | Раптовий, гострий | Поступовий |
| Температура | Висока (38–39°C) | Помірна (37–38°C) |
| Ломота в тілі | Сильна | Слабка або відсутня |
| Кашель | Сухий, болісний | Вологий або помірний |
| Нежить | Рідко, слабовиражений | Часто, рясні виділення |
| Тривалість хвороби | 7–10 днів | 3–5 днів |
Ускладнення грипу В
- Бронхіт, пневмонія (особливо у дітей і людей похилого віку).
- Отит (запалення вуха) – характерний для дітей.
- Загострення хронічних захворювань (астма, діабет, серцево-судинні хвороби).
Деякі симптоми свідчать про серйозне погіршення стану й потребують негайної медичної допомоги. Якщо ви помітили хоча б один із цих тривожних сигналів, не зволікайте – звертайтеся до лікаря або викликайте швидку!
Лікування грипу
- Постільний режим та рясне пиття.
- Жарознижувальні засоби (ібупрофен, парацетамол).
- Противірусні препарати (за призначенням лікаря) Для дітей це може бути сироп Флавовір – противірусний препарат прямої дії на віруси. Він пригнічує розмноження вірусів у клітинах дихальних шляхів, тим самим знижує вірусне навантаження, що прискорює одужання.
- Симптоматична терапія (краплі від нежитю, льодяники від болю в горлі).
Не займайтеся самолікуванням, особливо антибіотиками – вони не діють на віруси. Лікар призначає їх лише при ускладненнях (бактеріальна пневмонія, отит тощо).
Поради лікаря
- Вакцинуйтеся: щорічна вакцинація — найкращий спосіб запобігти грипу.
- Починайте лікування на ранніх стадіях, за появи перших симптомів захворювання одразу звертайтеся до лікаря: противірусні препарати ефективні в перші 48 годин.
- Дотримуйтеся гігієни: часто мийте руки, уникайте контактів із хворими.
Грип В — це серйозне захворювання, але при своєчасному лікуванні та правильній профілактиці його можна успішно подолати. Будьте уважні до своїх симптомів та звертайтеся до лікаря при перших ознаках хвороби. При появі симптомів грипу В важливо ізолюватися, щоб уникнути поширення вірусу.
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